Stem cells derived from the placenta and umbilical cord tissue of pregnant mothers are collectively referred to as "umbilical cord, placental stem cells".
Similarities: Placental stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells have similar appearance and morphology, similar ability to differentiate into functional cells (such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, bone cells, etc.), and both have advantages such as abundant quantity, strong proliferation ability, and no rejection reaction.
Differences: placental stem cells secrete more immune regulatory factors than umbilical cord stem cells, have stronger migration ability to diseased tissues, and have stronger ability to promote Angiogenesis. The proportion of CD106 positive stem cells in placental stem cells is higher, and CD106 molecule is a key molecule of mesenchymal stem cells.
1、 Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells，UCMSCs
Characteristics: A multifunctional stem cell found in neonatal umbilical cord tissue, which can differentiate into numerous types of tissue cells and has broad clinical application prospects. It is currently one of the most common stem cells in clinical stem cell research.
At present, there are more than 140 diseases that can be treated with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in clinical practice. As seed cells, they can be used to repair/replace damaged or diseased tissues and organs.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can be used to treat: cardio cerebral Vascular disease, Nervous system disease, bone tissue disease, autoimmune disease, cirrhosis, ischemic disease and other diseases.
2、 Amnioticmes-enchymalstromal cells，AMSCs
Characteristics: The amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the placenta. The amniotic membrane is a semi-transparent membrane, smooth, without blood vessels, nerves, or lymph nodes, with a thickness of only 0.5mm. Stem cells have a rich content, high purity, strong activity, low immunogenicity, and good family universality.
3、 Decidual mesenchymal stem cells, DMSCs
Characteristics: As an important source of autologous mesenchymal stem cells of a mother, it is abundant, primitive, pluripotent, myofibroblastic, widely sourced, and easy to preserve.
Step 1: Customize storage services.
Step 2: Sign the storage protocol.
Step 3: Provide a medical examination report. Submit a 6-month medical examination report issued by a tertiary hospital, as well as four virus testing reports. The more comprehensive the report, the newer the time, the lower the risk, the more suitable the plan, and the better the effect.
Step 4: Arrange for logistics collection. Determine the location and time with the sampling personnel before production, and then transport the entire cold chain to the cell company after the sampling is completed.
Step 5: Sample extraction and cultivation. Extract high activity cells from the sample and place them in the cell bank after passing the test.
Step 6: Issuance of storage certificate.
① Clinical research involves hundreds of diseases:
From the perspective of the types of diseases treated, clinical research on mesenchymal stem cells involves hundreds of diseases. Classifying these diseases according to the organ system, we can find that nervous system, cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases are the three main research fields, accounting for more than 15% of all, and more than half of the total. In addition, the proportion of diabetes, liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin and graft versus host disease (GVHD) is about 5%, which is an important clinical research direction of mesenchymal stem cells.
② Applied to various systemic diseases:
Nervous system disease: cerebral palsy, bone marrow injury, parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage, Ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, autism, sequelae of brain trauma;
Autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis;
Circulatory system diseases: coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, acute and chronic heart failure, etc;
Digestive system: cirrhosis, hepatitis, gastroenteritis, etc;
Motor system diseases: joint injury, femoral head necrosis, osteoporosis, tendon damage, etc;
Endocrine system diseases: muscular dystrophy, diabetes, complications of diabetes, etc;
Hematological diseases: leukemia, aplastic anemia;
Surgery: refractory wound healing and bedsores;
At present, there are 41 mesenchymal stem cells and 26 umbilical cord and placental mesenchymal stem cells in the clinical research projects of stem cells registered by the state, involving multiple systemic diseases such as stroke, premature ovarian failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, psoriasis, knee osteoarthritis, myocardial infarction, infertility, systemic lupus erythematosus, intrauterine adhesions, and infantile cerebral palsy.
Is Cord blood collection dangerous to mother and baby?
Taking blood from the umbilical cord is not only harmless for newborns, but also beneficial. On the one hand, the umbilical cord will be cut after the newborn is delivered, and then the residual cord blood will be taken. Therefore, taking cord blood is harmless to newborns. On the other hand, cord blood is the earliest blood of newborn babies, and cord blood contains many elements and molecules. If cord blood is preserved, a series of problems will occur when the baby grows up. It is possible to identify the cause through many related tests of cord blood, and also to adopt appropriate treatment methods through cord blood.
Why do umbilical cord and placental derived stem cells not need to be matched?
Umbilical cord and placental mesenchymal stem cells mainly refer to a type of cell called mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracted from neonatal umbilical cord or placental tissue. The expression of HLA antigen molecules in these types of cells is relatively unique, with Class II molecules not expressed (such as HLA-DRB1) and Class I molecules low in expression. In addition, there are other immune related molecules that are not expressed or underexpressed, which allows mesenchymal stem cells to evade recognition by the body's immune system and avoid host monitoring, thus infusion into the body will not trigger strong rejection reactions. Therefore, in clinical practice, there is no need for matching when using.
In addition, the umbilical cord and placenta are very primitive in development, and their derived mesenchymal stem cells have strong immune regulatory effects, which can suppress the body's overactive immune response and prevent potential damage to host tissues caused by excessive immune response. At present, umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells and HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells have been used in clinical co transplantation to treat severe aplastic anemia. The results show that it can significantly reduce the incidence rate of complications, accelerate hematopoietic reconstruction, reduce the risk of GVHD (graft versus host disease), and improve the survival rate of transplantation. This is of great significance for expanding the range of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donors.
In summary, umbilical cord and placental mesenchymal stem cells, due to their low immunogenicity and immune regulatory function, have broken through the donor source restrictions of hematopoietic stem cells derived from cord blood or bone marrow during transplantation due to strict matching requirements, making them unnecessary for clinical use.
Is Cord blood collection dangerous to mothers and infants?
Pregnant mothers who are healthy, have no family genetic history, and have normal routine tests can store cord blood for their babies.
cord blood collection is carried out after the delivery of the newborn, the complete separation of the placental cord and the baby, and will not have any impact on the mothers and babies.
